REFERENCING
Many subjects require a reference list or bibliography.
In years 11 and 12 you may be required to use in text referencing.
REFERENCE LIST OR BIBLIOGRAPHY?
Are they same thing? What is the difference?
A Reference List is exactly what it describes - it lists every text you referenced in your writing. This means everything that you cited in your writing.
A Bibliography expands on this and includes EVERY text that you used, including texts that you did not cite, such as a text you read for ideas on your topic.
IMPORTANT NOTE: Make sure you check with your teacher to see if you need a Reference List or a Bibliography.
REFERENCE LIST BASICS
You will need to record a few details whilst doing your research.
Reference Lists and Bibliographies are always organised alphabetically by the author's surname.​
Author's name
Date published (if unknown use n.d)
Title of Source
If it is an article, title of Journal/ Newspaper/anthology/Magazine, etc.
Publisher
Location of publishing
Website address if online​
BOOKS
Author's Surname, Initial (s). (date published). Title of Source. Location of publisher: Publisher.
One Author:
Noah, T. (2016). Born a crime. London: Hachette
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Two authors:
Berthoud, E. & Elderkin, S. (2013). The novel cure: An a - z of literary remedies. Edinburgh: Canongate
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Multiple Authors:
Fisher, D., Frey, N. & Hattie, J. (2016) Visible learning for literacy, grades k-12: Implementing the practices that work best to accelerate student learning. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin
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Chapter in an edited book:
Kelly, L. (2020). Songlines spiral forever. In M. Neale (Ed.), Songlines: The power and and the promise. (pp.100-119). Port Melbourne, VIC: Thames & Hudson Australia
ARTICLES & WEBSITES
Articles from Newspapers, Journals, etc, Italicise the title of the newspaper/Journal/Magazine as well as the issue number if available. Include the paper numbers of the article if available.
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For newspaper articles, include the full date
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If there is no date use (n.d.)
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Websites or online articles include: Retrieved from URL
Journal article:
Cameron, B. (2020). The magic of school libraries. Connections, 115, 13. Retrieved from https://www.scisdata.com/connections/issue-115/the-magic-of-school-libraries/
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News article:
Connell, C. (2021, January 10). Three-week coronavirus lockdown lifts in northern zone of Sydney's northern beaches. Retrieved from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-01-10/northern-beaches-reopen-after-three-week-covid-lockdown/13045954
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News article, no author:
SBS News (2020, July 4). Black Lives Matter protesters in Australia call for anti-racism education, action on deaths in custody. Retrieved from https://www.sbs.com.au/news/black-lives-matter-protesters-in-australia-call-for-anti-racism-education-action-on-deaths-in-custody
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Wikipedia:
COVID-19 pandemic. (2021, January 10)
Retrieved January 11, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic
* The date is included as Wikipedia can change easily. The last edited date is at the bottom of the page.
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IMAGES & FILM
Painting:
Picasso, P. (1937) Guernica [painting]. Retrieved from https://www.artsy.net/artwork/pablo-picasso-guernica
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Photograph:
Dupain, M. (1960) Nuns on Newport Beach [photograph]. Retrieved from https://artsearch.nga.gov.au/detail.cfm?irn=115717
Images follow the pattern, adding where it came from and what the medium is.
Artist surname, Initial(s). (year). Title of image [medium]. Retrieved from URL
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IN-TEXT CITATIONS
In years 11 and 12 you may be required to use in-text citation. This could be using the APA style, which uses brackets, or using footnotes.
APA IN-TEXT CITATIONS
The in-text reference must match the reference list. Surname and date must be included in the citation. A direct quote must include the page number.
(surname, year, page)
Very little is actually known about Jack the Ripper's victims, with sensational news articles of the time focusing on their killer rather than the interesting lives that they lived (Rubenhold, 2019).
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Rubenhold (2019) suggests that the coronial inquests into the deaths of the victims exposed to society, the degree of poverty in the London East End.
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One conclusion that can be drawn is that 'the police were so committed to their theories about the killer's choice of victims that they failed to conclude the obvious: that the ripper targeted women while they slept.' (Rubenhold, 2019, p.15)
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